Sexual Crimes in Conflict Database

A collection of relevant literature and case law

Showing all 7 results.

  • Literature

    Copelon, Ronda - Gender Crimes as War Crimes...

    Year
    2000
    Issues
    Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution
    Country
    Japan, Rwanda, Former Yugoslavia
    Keywords
    Genocidal Rape Comfort Women Gender Violence NGO Prosecution

    Reference link
    https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Ficcwomen.org%2Fpublications%2Farticles%2Fdocs%2FGender_Crimes_as_War_Crimes.doc
    Full reference
    Copelon, Ronda, "Gender Crimes as War Crimes: Integrating Crimes against Women into International Criminal Law", in McGill Law Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, 2000, pp. 217-240.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Investigation, Prosecution and Prevention of Conflict related Sexual Violence
    Author
    Copelon, Ronda
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

  • Literature

    Drinck, Barbara and Gross, Chung-Noh – Forced Prostitution in Wartime and Peacetime: Sexual Violence against Women and Girls

    Year
    2007
    Issues
    Sexual Violence against Children Socio-cultural Context of Sexual Violence Victims of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Bosnia, Kosovo, Japan
    Keywords
    Sexual Enslavement Comfort Women Forced Prostitution Sexual Slavery

    Reference link
    http://www.academia.edu/22417309/Forced_Prostitution_in_National_Socialist_Concentration_Camps_The_Example_Auschwitz
    Full reference
    Barbara Drinck, Chung-Noh Gross (eds.), Forced Prostitution in Wartime and Peacetime: Sexual Violence against Women and Girls, Kleine Verlag, Bielefeld, 2007.
    Type of literature
    Book
    Research focus
    Inequality and Discrimination against Women during Armed Conflict, Women and the Armed Conflict

  • Literature

    Henson, Maria R. – Comfort Woman: A Filipina's Story of Prostitution and Slavery under the Japanese Military

    Year
    2017
    Issues
    Victims of Sexual Violence
    Country
    Philippines, Japan
    Keywords
    Comfort Women Prostitution World War II History ASEAN

    Reference link
    http://iucat.iu.edu/iuk/15948394
    Full reference
    Maria R. Henson, Comfort Woman: A Filipina's Story of Prostitution and Slavery under the Japanese Military (2ed), Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland, 2017.
    Type of literature
    Book
    Research focus
    Inequality and Discrimination against Women during Armed Conflict, Women and the Armed Conflict

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    IMTFE Judgment

    Year
    1948
    Issues
    Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution
    Country
    Japan
    Keywords
    Inhuman Treatment Ill Treatment Family Honor Rape of Nanking Comfort Women

    Reference link
    http://werle.rewi.hu-berlin.de/tokio.pdf
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court
    Name of mechanism
    International Military Tribunal For The Far East (IMTFE)
    Name of accused
    General Iwane Matsui, Commander Shunroku Hata and Foreign Minister Hirota
    Charges
    - Rape as a war crime committed by persons under the accused persons' authority (command responsibility).
    Trial chamber verdict
    General Iwane Matsui, Commander Shunroku Hata and Foreign Minister Hirota were convicted for crimes, including rape as a war crime.
    sentencing
    Matsui and Hirota were sentenced to death and imprisonment for life (Hata) in November 1948.
    Status
    2715

  • Literature

    Knop, Karen and Riles, Annelise - Space, Time, and Historical Injustice…

    Year
    2017
    Issues
    Achievements and Challenges of Sexual Violence Prosecution Sentencing and Reparations Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
    Country
    Japan, South Korea
    Keywords
    Private International Law Anthropology of Law Feminism Gender Asian Legal Studies Comfort Women Sexual Enslavement

    Reference link
    https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2886588
    Full reference
    Karen Knop and Annelise Riles, “Space, Time, and Historical Injustice: A Feminist Conflict-of-Laws Approach to the ‘Comfort Women’ Agreement”, in Cornell Law Review, 2017, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 853-928.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Obstacles to Establish Accountability for Sexual Violence Crimes
    Author
    Knop, Karen and Riles, Annelise

  • Jurisprudence judicial mechanism

    The Women's International War Crimes Tribunal for the Trial of Japan's Military Sexual Slavery, Japan – Comfort Women Case

    Country
    Japan
    Keywords
    Comfort Women Sexual Slavery Forced Prostitution Rape Sexual Violence against Girls Women Rights World War II

    Reference link
    http://www.asser.nl/upload/documents/DomCLIC/Docs/NLP/Japan/Comfort_Women_Judgement_04-12-2001_part_1.pdf
    Type of mechanism
    Military Tribunal
    Name of mechanism
    Women’s International Tribunal on Japanese Military Sexual Slavery
    Name of accused
    Emperor Hirohito Showa, Ando Rikichi, Hata Shunroku, Itagaki Seishiro, Kobayashi Seizo, Matsui Iwane, Umezu Yoshijiro, Terauchi Hisaichi, Tojo Hideki, Yamashita Tomoyuki, The Government of Japan
    Charges
    Participating, aiding and abetting of the Japanese army’s so called “comfort system”. This allegedly state-sanctioned system included mass sexual slavery and sexual violence/torture of hundreds of thousands of women and girls captured in occupied territories.
    Trial chamber verdict
    The Tribunal found that due to its widespread and organised structure, the “comfort system” was facilitating rape and sexual slavery of tens of thousands of girls and women and essentially qualified as state-sanctioned system of rape and enslavement. The Trial furthermore concluded that all elements of a crime against humanity had been fulfilled.The Tribunal found all nine high-ranking military and government officials, as well as Emperor Hirohito, guilty of rape and sexual slavery as crimes against humanity. Emperor Hirohito was also found guilty by way of his superior responsibility for mass rape committed at a Filipino village. The Tribunal furthermore found the Japanese government responsible for the harm inflicted by the “comfort system”.
    sentencing
    All accused were already dead by the time the trial was held.
    Status
    2715
    Case number
    PT-2000-1-T
    Reparations / awards
    The Tribunal emphasised that while it has no power to enforce its judgment and consequently reparations and compensations, it does have moral authority, which should be enough to ensure enforcement by the national governments and the international community (paras. 1086-1088).

  • Literature

    Viseur-Sellers, Patricia - Wartime Female Slavery: Enslavement?

    Year
    2011
    Issues
    Definitions/Elements of Sexual Violence Crimes
    Country
    Former Yugoslavia, Sierra Leone, Japan
    Keywords
    Comfort Women Forced Conjugal Partners Forced Marriage Inhuman Treatment

    Reference link
    https://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/ILJ/upload/Sellers-final-4.pdf
    Full reference
    Viseur Sellers, Patricia, "Wartime Female Slavery: Enslavement?", in Cornell International Law Journal, 2011, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 115-145.
    Type of literature
    Journal Article
    Research focus
    Gaps in the Jurisprudence and Legislation on Conflict-related Sexual Violence crimes
    Author
    Viseur-Sellers, Patricia
    Type of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal/Court, Hybrid court
    Name of mechanism
    International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL), International Military Tribunal For The Far East (IMTFE)

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